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John Pinkerton
John Pinkerton (17 February 1758 – 10 March 1826〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sarah Couper, 'Pinkerton, John (1758–1826)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, May 2008 )〕) was a Scottish antiquarian, cartographer, author, numismatist, historian, and early advocate of Germanic racial supremacy theory.
He was born in Edinburgh, as one of three sons to James Pinkerton. He lived in the neighbourhood of that city for some of his earliest childhood years, but later moved to Lanark. His studious youth brought him extensive knowledge of the Classics, and it is known that in his childhood years he enjoyed translating Roman authors such as Livy. He moved on to Edinburgh University, and after graduating, remained in the city to take up an apprenticeship in Law. However, his scholarly and literary inclinations led him to abandon the legal profession. It had been during his brief legal career though that he had begun writing, his ''Elegy on Craigmillar Castle'' being first published in 1776.
==London and publications==
In 1781, John moved to London, where his full career as a writer began in earnest, publishing in the same year a volume of ''Rimes'' of no great merit, and ''Scottish Tragic Ballads''. These were followed in 1782 by ''Two Dithyrambic Odes on Enthusiasm and Laughter'', and by a series of ''Tales in Verse''. Under the title of ''Select Scottish Ballads'' he reprinted in 1783 his tragic ballads, with a supplement comprising ''Ballads of the Comic Kind''. Joseph Ritson pointed out in 1784 that the so-called ancient ballads were some of them of modern date, and Pinkerton admitted that he was the author of the second part of ''Hardy Kanute'' and part-author of some others. He published an ''Essay on Medals'' in 1784, and in 1785, under the pseudonym of "Robert Heron", his bold but eccentric ''Letters of Literature'' depreciating the classical authors of Greece and Rome. In 1786 he edited ''Ancient Scottish Poems'' from the manuscript collections of Sir Richard Maitland of Lethington. It was succeeded in 1787 by a compilation, under the new pseudonym of "H. Bennet" entitled The ''Treasury of Wit'', and by his first important historical work, the ''Dissertation on the Origin and Progress of the Scythians or Goths'', to which Gibbon acknowledged himself indebted.
His edition of Barbour's ''Bruce'' and a ''Medallic History of England to the Revolution'' appeared in 1790; a collection of Scottish Poems reprinted from scarce Editions in 1792; and a series of biographical sketches, the ''Iconographia scotica'', in the years 1795 to 1797. In 1797 he published a ''History of Scotland from the Accession of the House of Stuart to that of Mary'', containing much valuable material. A new biographical collection, the ''Gallery of Eminent Persons of Scotland'' (1799), was succeeded after a short interval by a ''Modern Geography digested on a New Plan'' (1802; enlarged 1807).
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